====== Suffix chain of verbs ======

^ Position ^  Meaning  ^^^
^ :::      ^  Standard  ^^  Modern/colloquial speech  ^
|  -4 |  [[:grammar_person|person]] (subject/agent pronoun)\\ (da-, fi-, ta-)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  |
|  -3 |  [[:syntax_negative|negation]]\\ (nar-)  |||
|  -2 |  [[:mood_interrogative|interrogative mood]]\\ (mar-)  |||
|  -1 |  [[:prefixes|derivational prefix]]\\ (kru-, ri-, thu-)  |||
|  **0** |  **root**  |||
|   1 |  [[:grammar_voice|passive voice]] marker\\ (-âk)  |  suffixes of nonfinite forms\\ (infinitive or participles: -at, -ut, -ag, -uga, etc.)  |  suffixes of nonfinite forms\\ (infinitive or participles: -at, -ut, -ag, -uga, etc.)\\ \\ //(replace other grammatical categories in positions 1 and 2 with [[:verb_to_be|copula]] + verb or participle)//  |
|   2 |  [[:grammar_tense|tense]]\\ (-ub, -uz)  | ::: | ::: |
| ::: |  [[:mood_subjunctive|subjunctive mood]]\\ (-ulg)  | ::: | ::: |
|   3 |  number/3rd person clitic((only when subject is not a personal pronoun, e.g. noun, relative or indefinite pronoun))\\ (-â, -û)  ||  number of participle\\ (-û, -z)  |
|  3a |  auxiliary suffix //-t-//\\ (used only between positions 2 and 3, 2 and 4, 2 and 5;\\ absent if position 2 is final)  || ::: |
|  4 |  object pronoun((only in accusative/objective or absolutive case))  ||  object pronoun((only with 3rd person accusative))  |
| ::: |  reflexive pronoun\\ (-îm)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  |
| ::: |  cooperative marker\\ (-sha)(("together"))   ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  |
|   5 |  [[:suffix_derivational|derivational suffix]]\\ (extremely rare, usually some clitic adverb or adposition)  ||  ∅  |
|   6 |  [[:grammar_aspect|aspect]]\\ (clitic adverb: -ûk, -ok, -âzh)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone, -ûk is still used sometimes)//  |