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mood_interrogative [2022/02/07 13:07] – morgothmood_interrogative [2026/02/20 11:20] (current) – [Indirect questions] clarifications on word order morgoth
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-====== Interrogative mood ====== +====== Interrogative mood and questions ====== 
-<WRAP center round todo 60%> +**//Interrogative mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as INT) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to form various questions. While English uses auxiliary verbs and special word order for questions, [[Nûrlâm]] uses special grammatical form of [[grammar_verb|verbs]], adding [[prefixes|prefix]] //mar-// which goes //after// prefix of [[grammar_person|person]] and [[syntax_negative|negation]] but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed, and auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did" are not used in questions as they already have a grammatical marker //mar-//. Disjunctive questions may be more popular, because question particle is recognized more easily.
-\\ <todo>many examples needed</todo> +
-</WRAP>+
  
-**//Interrogative mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as INT) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to form various questions. While English uses auxiliary verbs and special word order for questions, [[Nûrlâm]] uses special grammatical form of [[grammar_verb|verbs]], adding [[prefixes|prefix]] //mar-// which goes //after// prefix of [[grammar_person|person]] and [[syntax_negative|negation]] but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed, and auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did" are not used in questions as they already have a grammatical marker //mar-//. +=== Examples: === 
- +  * Are they ready? => Tak__mar__kul firg (They=INT-be ready) 
-<wrap hi><todo>example needed</todo></wrap>+  * Did you hear me? => Fi__mar__kozuziz (You=INT-hear-PST=me)
  
 -----------------------   -----------------------  
 ===== Questions ===== ===== Questions =====
-There are 4 various forms of questions. +Interrogative sentences or questions require some verbal response from the listener. There are 4 various forms of questions.
- +
-<WRAP center round todo 60%> +
-This article is not finished +
-\\ <todo !!>add examples for special questions</todo> +
-</WRAP>+
  
 ==== General questions ==== ==== General questions ====
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 ^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg  | Ta__nar//mar//__doguz ash lûg  | ^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg  | Ta__nar//mar//__doguz ash lûg  |
  
-General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without //mar-//), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like "He did / He didn't" do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement ("Did he killed a dragon? -- He didn't" = "Tamardoguz ash lûg -- Tadoguz").+General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without //mar-//), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like "He did / He didn't" do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement ("Did he killed a dragon? -- He didn't" = "Tamardoguz ash lûg -- Tanardoguz").
  
 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
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 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 ==== Disjunctive questions ==== ==== Disjunctive questions ====
-//Disjunctive// or //tag// questions are formed with declarative sentence, but turned into interrogative by question particle (tag) "//mar?//" which may be translated into English as "right?", "isn't it?" etc.+//Disjunctive// or //tag// questions are formed with declarative sentence, but turned into interrogative by question particle (tag) "//mar?//" which may be translated into English as "right?", "isn't it?" etc. This type of questions is supposed to be more frequent in Nûrlâm, as question particle is easily distinguished and not merged inside the verb construction.
 ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Disjunctive question           ^ ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Disjunctive question           ^
 ^ English | He killed a dragon | He killed a dragon, didn't he? | ^ English | He killed a dragon | He killed a dragon, didn't he? |
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 ----------------------------- -----------------------------
 ==== Special questions ==== ==== Special questions ====
-//Special// or //non-polar// questions are formed with question words (interrogative [[proform|pro-forms]]: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood of verbs is not used because question words already contain question prefix //m(a)-//.+//Special// or //non-polar// questions are formed with question words (interrogative [[proform|pro-forms]]: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood of verbs is not used because question words already contain question prefix //m(a)-// (similar to Quenya question particle "ma").
  
 === List of question words === === List of question words ===
 ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ Example ^ ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ Example ^
-| how     | marz   | How did he kill a dragon? = Marz tadoguz as lûg | +| how     | marz   | How did he kill a dragon? => Marz tadoguz as lûg | 
-| what    | mash   | What is he saying? = Tagashn mash | +| what    | mash   | What is he saying? => Tagashn mash | 
-| when    | mil | When did he die? = | +| when    | mil | When did he die? => Mil tamatuz = Tamatuz mil | 
-| whence(("where ... from", source)) | minah, minbo | Whence did you get this ring? = | +| whence(("where ... from", source)) | minah, minbo | Whence did you get this ring? => Minbo fisnabuz za nazg = Fisnabuz za nazg minbo | 
-| where   | min | Where is the ring? = Min nazgum (kulâ)? | +| where   | min | Where is the ring? => Min nazgum (kulâ)? = Nazgum kulâ min? | 
-| whether((usually in alternative and indirect questions)) | makon (any), mashkon (whatever, whichever) | | +| whether((usually in alternative and indirect questions, thus not really a question word)) | makon (any), mashkon (whatever, whichever) | Whatever he thinks is not important => Mashkon ta ûs narkulâ horm | 
-| which   | mai (who), mash (what) | Which wire should I cut? =  | +| which   | mai (who), mash (what) | Which wire should I cut? => Mash srug damaug grishut | 
-| whither(("where ... to", target, goal)) | minishi, minu | Where did he go? | +| whither(("where ... to", target, goal)) | minishi, minu | Where did he go? => Minu ta ukhuz? | 
-| who     | mai, mash (what) | Who did this? = Mai krampuz za | +| who     | mai, mash (what) | Who did this? => Mai krampuz za | 
-| whom    | mai, mash (in any grammatical or marginal case except Nominative and Genitive) | Whom do you serve (to)? = Gibûrt maizûr | +| whom    | mai, mash (in any grammatical or marginal case except Nominative and Genitive) | Whom do you serve (to)? => Gibûrt maizûr | 
-| whose   | maib, mashob | Whose skull is this? | +| whose   | maib, mashob | Whose skull is this? => Za rash kulâ mashob? | 
-| why     | mûr | Why did you kill him? = Mûr gidoguzan |+| why     | mûr | Why did you kill him? => Mûr gidoguzan |
  
-Word order in such questions alters. Question word goes first then go subject, verb and optionally an object.  +Word order in such questions doesn't change much (in contrast to English or German). Question word goes first then go the subject, verb and optionally the object. Question word may go in place of part of the sentence which is unknown, about which the question is. For example, "Where is the ring?" => "Min nazgum (kulâ)?" = "Nazgum kulâ min?" (lit. "The ring is where?").
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^ +
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Who killed a dragon? | +
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Mash doguzâ ash lûg  |+
  
-Exceptions are words "mai" (who?) and "mash" (what?), both also used with meaning "whose?", as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position.+Exceptions are words "mai" (who?) and "mash" (what?), both also used with meaning "whose?", as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position, depending about which part the question is.
  
 ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^ ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^
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 Questions starting with "mûr" (= "why?") are usually answered with [[grammar_gerundive|gerundives]]. Questions starting with "mûr" (= "why?") are usually answered with [[grammar_gerundive|gerundives]].
  
-<wrap hi><todo>example needed</todo></wrap>+^         ^ Question ^ Answer ^ 
 +^ English | Why did he killed the dragon? | To became famous | 
 +^ Nûrlâm  | Mûr tadoguz lûgum? | Thôlat imb | 
 ---------------------------- ----------------------------
 ==== Indirect questions ==== ==== Indirect questions ====
-//Indirect questions// are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their //relative// counterparts. Interrogative mood is not used. For example "I don't know __where did he go__" = "Danarîst __amin ta ukhuz__"((Nûrlâm do not use auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did", so "did go" translates into "go.PST" = "ukhuz"))+//Indirect questions// are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their //relative// counterparts (see [[proform|Pro-forms]]). Interrogative mood is not used. For example, "I don't know __where he went__" = "Danarîst __amin ta ukhuz__". However, if indirect question is placed inside a proper question, then interrogative pro-form may be used: "Do you know where he went?" => "Fimarîst (a)min ta ukhuz?". As with majority of other questions, the word order doesn't change. 
 + 
 +<WRAP center round todo 60%> 
 +<todo>add more examples</todo> 
 +</WRAP>
  
-<wrap hi><todo>example needed</todo></wrap> 
 ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
 ===== Combinations with other modalities ===== ===== Combinations with other modalities =====
-Interrogative mood may be combined together with other moods: +Interrogative mood may be combined together with other moods:  
-   +  * "Should I cut the red wire?" => "Damarmaug grishut srugum karn" = "Damaug grishut karn srugum, mar" (Interrogative + Necessitative) 
-<wrap hi><todo !>example needed</todo></wrap>+  * "Could he escape?" => "Tamarpâsh irzut" = "Tapâsh irzut, mar" (Interrogative + Dynamic) 
 +  * "Would you like meat or vegetables?" => "Fihizulg mash, âps ogh barth" (Special + alternative question + Desiderative modality) 
 +  * "Who knows what we will find there?" => "Mai îstâ (a)mash dak gimbub zîgin?" (Nested questions) 
 +<WRAP center round todo 60%> 
 +<todo>add more examples</todo> 
 +</WRAP> 
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