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mood_interrogative [2022/03/21 09:35] – [Combinations with other modalities] morgothmood_interrogative [2026/02/20 11:20] (current) – [Indirect questions] clarifications on word order morgoth
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-====== Interrogative mood ====== +====== Interrogative mood and questions ====== 
-**//Interrogative mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as INT) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to form various questions. While English uses auxiliary verbs and special word order for questions, [[Nûrlâm]] uses special grammatical form of [[grammar_verb|verbs]], adding [[prefixes|prefix]] //mar-// which goes //after// prefix of [[grammar_person|person]] and [[syntax_negative|negation]] but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed, and auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did" are not used in questions as they already have a grammatical marker //mar-//. Disjunctive questions may be more popular, because question particle is easier recognized.+**//Interrogative mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as INT) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to form various questions. While English uses auxiliary verbs and special word order for questions, [[Nûrlâm]] uses special grammatical form of [[grammar_verb|verbs]], adding [[prefixes|prefix]] //mar-// which goes //after// prefix of [[grammar_person|person]] and [[syntax_negative|negation]] but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed, and auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did" are not used in questions as they already have a grammatical marker //mar-//. Disjunctive questions may be more popular, because question particle is recognized more easily.
  
 === Examples: === === Examples: ===
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 ^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg  | Ta__nar//mar//__doguz ash lûg  | ^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg  | Ta__nar//mar//__doguz ash lûg  |
  
-General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without //mar-//), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like "He did / He didn't" do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement ("Did he killed a dragon? -- He didn't" = "Tamardoguz ash lûg -- Tadoguz").+General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without //mar-//), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like "He did / He didn't" do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement ("Did he killed a dragon? -- He didn't" = "Tamardoguz ash lûg -- Tanardoguz").
  
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 ==== Special questions ==== ==== Special questions ====
-//Special// or //non-polar// questions are formed with question words (interrogative [[proform|pro-forms]]: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood of verbs is not used because question words already contain question prefix //m(a)-//.+//Special// or //non-polar// questions are formed with question words (interrogative [[proform|pro-forms]]: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood of verbs is not used because question words already contain question prefix //m(a)-// (similar to Quenya question particle "ma").
  
 === List of question words === === List of question words ===
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 | why     | mûr | Why did you kill him? => Mûr gidoguzan | | why     | mûr | Why did you kill him? => Mûr gidoguzan |
  
-Word order in such questions alters. Question word goes first then go subject, verb and optionally an object. Question word may go in place of part of the sentence which is unknown, about which the question is. For example, "Where is the ring?" => "Min nazgum (kulâ)?" = "Nazgum kulâ min?" (lit. "The ring is where?").+Word order in such questions doesn't change much (in contrast to English or German). Question word goes first then go the subject, verb and optionally the object. Question word may go in place of part of the sentence which is unknown, about which the question is. For example, "Where is the ring?" => "Min nazgum (kulâ)?" = "Nazgum kulâ min?" (lit. "The ring is where?").
  
-Exceptions are words "mai" (who?) and "mash" (what?), both also used with meaning "whose?", as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position.+Exceptions are words "mai" (who?) and "mash" (what?), both also used with meaning "whose?", as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position, depending about which part the question is.
  
 ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^ ^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^
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 ==== Indirect questions ==== ==== Indirect questions ====
-//Indirect questions// are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their //relative// counterparts (see [[proform|Pro-forms]]). Interrogative mood is not used. For example "I don't know __where did he go__" = "Danarîst __amin ta ukhuz__"((Nûrlâm do not use auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did", so "did go" translates into "go.PST" = "ukhuz"))+//Indirect questions// are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their //relative// counterparts (see [[proform|Pro-forms]]). Interrogative mood is not used. For example, "I don't know __where he went__" = "Danarîst __amin ta ukhuz__". However, if indirect question is placed inside a proper question, then interrogative pro-form may be used: "Do you know where he went?" => "Fimarîst (a)min ta ukhuz?". As with majority of other questions, the word order doesn't change.
  
 <WRAP center round todo 60%> <WRAP center round todo 60%>
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   * "Should I cut the red wire?" => "Damarmaug grishut srugum karn" = "Damaug grishut karn srugum, mar" (Interrogative + Necessitative)   * "Should I cut the red wire?" => "Damarmaug grishut srugum karn" = "Damaug grishut karn srugum, mar" (Interrogative + Necessitative)
   * "Could he escape?" => "Tamarpâsh irzut" = "Tapâsh irzut, mar" (Interrogative + Dynamic)   * "Could he escape?" => "Tamarpâsh irzut" = "Tapâsh irzut, mar" (Interrogative + Dynamic)
-  * "Would you like meat or vegetables?" => "" (Alternative question+  * "Would you like meat or vegetables?" => "Fihizulg mash, âps ogh barth" (Special + alternative question + Desiderative modality) 
 +  * "Who knows what we will find there?" => "Mai îstâ (a)mash dak gimbub zîgin?" (Nested questions)
 <WRAP center round todo 60%> <WRAP center round todo 60%>
 <todo>add more examples</todo> <todo>add more examples</todo>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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