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syntax_analytic [2020/08/04 11:41] – [Differences from Standard Nûrlâm] morgothsyntax_analytic [2023/02/11 14:33] (current) – [Examples] morgoth
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 [[Orcish curse]] is the perfect example of existing a speech style different to "official" [[ring-verse|ring inscription]]. While the latter shows agglutination and word inflection, grammar of orcish curse is closer to English with it's analyticness. [[black_speech_dialects#svartiska|Svartiska]] dialect combined these styles, through mixing of it's subdialects though. Nûrlâm was also split into three [[black_speech_evolution|branches]] or styles: [[Orcish curse]] is the perfect example of existing a speech style different to "official" [[ring-verse|ring inscription]]. While the latter shows agglutination and word inflection, grammar of orcish curse is closer to English with it's analyticness. [[black_speech_dialects#svartiska|Svartiska]] dialect combined these styles, through mixing of it's subdialects though. Nûrlâm was also split into three [[black_speech_evolution|branches]] or styles:
-  * archaic, "high" speech, close to Ring Inscription, highly agglutinative with a lot of suffixes for grammatical forms;+  * [[archaic_style|archaic]], "high" speech, close to Ring Inscription, highly agglutinative with a lot of suffixes for grammatical forms;
   * standard language brings some analytic and fusion properties;   * standard language brings some analytic and fusion properties;
   * colloquial, similar to Orcish curse, highly analytical, easier for English-speaking users.   * colloquial, similar to Orcish curse, highly analytical, easier for English-speaking users.
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 ===== Differences from Standard Nûrlâm ===== ===== Differences from Standard Nûrlâm =====
 Colloquial analytic speech differs from standard Nûrlâm in following ways: Colloquial analytic speech differs from standard Nûrlâm in following ways:
 +  * suffixes of verb's 3rd person and number may be skipped;
   * no [[clitics|clitic]] words, all postpositions, adverbs, pronouns, short adjectives are written stand-alone and not joined to other words;   * no [[clitics|clitic]] words, all postpositions, adverbs, pronouns, short adjectives are written stand-alone and not joined to other words;
   * **post**positions became **pre**positions;   * **post**positions became **pre**positions;
-  * few postpositions may be sometimes used for [[grammar_case|cases]] (genitive-possessive, dative, instrumental), mostly for pronouns (with addition of Objective/Accusative);  
   * suffixes of verb's [[grammar_tense|tense]] are sometimes written separately before verb;   * suffixes of verb's [[grammar_tense|tense]] are sometimes written separately before verb;
 +  * infinitives and gerundives are combined into one grammatical form with suffix //-at// but called infinitive
 +  * modal meanings of gerundive are not used, replaced with modal-like verbs (must, want, intend) or relative clauses after conjunction "that" and Subjunctive mood (depending on modality).
  
-Colloquial language however introduced a feature of synthetic language, suffixes for the category of [[grammar_number|number]] for nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles.+Colloquial language however introduced a feature of //synthetic// language by adding suffixes for the category of [[grammar_number|number]] for nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles: 
 +  * plural suffixes are added to nouns (see [[grammar_number#in_orcish_dialects_and_colloquial_speech|Grammatical number]] article); 
 +  * adjectives and adjectival participles should agree with noun in number; 
 +  * some personal pronouns have different forms (see [[pronouns#colloquial_nurlam|Pronouns]] article); 
 +  * all type of pronouns may be pluralized the same way as nouns (except pro-adverbs); 
 +  * few postpositions may still be used sometimes for [[grammar_case|cases]] (genitive-possessive, dative, instrumental), mostly for pronouns (with addition of Objective/Accusative); 
  
 As analytical Nûrlâm represents variety of orcish dialects, these features may occur in different combinations and be somewhere in between the Standard and Colloquial language. As analytical Nûrlâm represents variety of orcish dialects, these features may occur in different combinations and be somewhere in between the Standard and Colloquial language.
  
 ==== Examples ==== ==== Examples ====
-<WRAP center round important 60%>Examples and practical comparisons with standard language are needed.</WRAP> +^ Standard Nûrlâm ^ English translation ^ Modern Nûrlâm ^ 
 +| Za sigûrz glamb naruglubû urukforum | These long claws will not scare the brave orc | Zaz sigûrzû glambû ub nar ugl(û) za for uruk | 
 +| Mûr gifauth dâdishi? | Why do you((plural)) hide in the shadows? | Mûr latû fauth ishi dâd? | 
 +| Gunduzg kulâ shadat | Gondor must be destroyed | Gunduzg maug kulat shadag |
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